Photovoltaic panel level adjustment artifact

How to detect faults in PV modules?

EL technology, infrared thermography, and photoluminescence approaches are used to extract and visualize the impact of faults on PV modules. DL based algorithms such as, CNN, ANN, RNN, AE, DBN, TL and hybrid algorithms have shown promising results in domain of visual PV fault detection.

Should PV system fault detection methods be based on onsite fault detection?

Future research directions are recommended for both industry and academia to advance PV fault detection methods. PV systems are prone to external environmental conditions that affect PV system operations. Visual inspection of the impacts of faults on PV system is considered a better practice rather than onsite fault detection mechanisms.

Are faults in PV systems a major threat to the reliability?

Faults in the PV system is a major threat to its reliability, that can be avoided by regular monitoring and an intelligent fault detection mechanism. According to the national renewable energy lab (NREL), 17.4 % power losses were recorded, in year 2022, due to different faults in the PV systems .

What are the parameters of a PV panel?

An array of PV cells is framed by several PV panels [ 65, 66 ]. Seven parameters are generally helpful in analyzing the PV output characteristics such as open circuit voltage ( VOCN) and short circuit current ( ISCN) [ 67, 68 ]. All these parameters are introduced with their name in Table 1.

How to identify a defect on a panel from a PV array?

The test procedure of identifying a defect on a panel from a PV array by eliminating the background information is carried out in 8 steps as depicted below: Step 1: The thermal images of the PV modules operating normally and with various faults are captured. These captured thermal images may be affected by the refection from external objects.

How to detect visual PV faults?

Vision- and imaging-based techniques have been widely used to detect visual PV faults . Visual inspection of PV modules is usually conducted under standard testing conditions (STC) from multiple angles to ensure that all faults are visible to the naked eye .